The Aperture priority is the mode where we set the Aperture setting manually. To understand this you need to what Aperture is. You can refer to the following link to better understand what it is.
http://www.mir.com.my/rb/photography/fototech/apershutter/aperture.htm
If the Aperture is high the exposure to light is high, so more amount of light passes through on to the film. By adjusting this aperture we can control the brightness of the picture taken. The following picture is taken with high aperture allowing brighter picture. The Aperture is measured in terms of "f" value, like "f/1.8" "f/4.0" and so on.
The Aperture priority setting not only controls the amount of light that comes in, but also some thing called "Depth of Field". In simple terms it will help you in adjusting you focus on the subjects in the image. If the Aperture is high all the subjects in the image are focused and vice-verse. If you want to take a picture with good focus on every subject, you need to have high aperture like "f/1.8" or "f/1.4". But if you want to focus only a single object you need to use lower aperture like "f/16" or "f/22". Refer to the following link for more information.
http://www.mir.com.my/rb/photography/fototech/htmls/depth.html
See the following picture which is taken with low aperture to focus on a particular subject on the image.
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